Tiếng Việt
1. Overview of Peru
Ports in Peru – Peru is located on the southwestern coast of South America, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west, Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the southeast, and Chile to the south.
Economy and Trade:
- Economy: Peru has one of the fastest-growing economies in Latin America, heavily reliant on mining (especially copper, gold, and silver), agriculture (coffee, grapes, cotton, fruits), fisheries, and manufacturing products.
- Industry: It is divided into major sectors such as mining, food processing, textiles, paper production, and oil and gas.
- Foreign Trade: Peru has free trade agreements (FTAs) with major countries, including the U.S., China, and the EU. Its primary exports include metals, minerals, seafood, agricultural products, and processed goods.
Capital and Economy:
- Capital: Lima, with about 10 million residents, is the economic, political, and cultural center of the country.
- GDP: Approximately USD 250 billion (2023 data).
- Economic Growth: Steady growth in recent years, despite fluctuations in mining cycles and oil prices.
2. Key Ports in Peru
Peru has several important ports serving the country’s import-export activities. These ports have modern infrastructure, but each port has its own strengths and weaknesses. Below are the major and most important ports in Peru:
2.1. Callao Port (Lima Port)
Location:
- Callao is the main port of Peru, located near Lima, and plays a critical role in connecting the country to global markets.
Infrastructure and Operational Capacity:
- Berths and Quays: Callao has several berths, including modern container terminals and multipurpose terminals. It can accommodate large container ships from 10,000 to 14,000 TEUs and bulk carriers.
- Facilities: The port features automated loading systems, container storage areas, and cold storage for perishable goods.
- Handling Capacity: Callao handles about 80% of Peru’s import-export cargo, with the ability to transport a wide range of goods from metals, chemicals, to agricultural products.
Strengths:
- Strategic Location near Lima: Easy access to major production centers, industries, and large consumer markets.
- Modern Infrastructure: The modern handling facilities reduce loading/unloading time and operational costs.
Weaknesses:
- Congestion Issues: As the busiest and largest port in Peru, Callao often faces congestion, especially during peak export seasons.
- High Costs: Due to its status as the primary port, service costs are relatively high compared to smaller ports in the country.
2.2. Paita Port
Location:
- Paita is located in northern Peru, near the region known for exporting seafood and agricultural products.
Infrastructure and Operational Capacity:
- Berths: Paita mainly serves smaller ships and medium-sized container vessels.
- Facilities: It focuses on cold storage facilities and areas for handling agricultural products.
- Handling Capacity: The port can handle large quantities of seafood (such as tuna) and agricultural products.
Strengths:
- Proximity to Seafood and Agriculture Regions: Paita is ideal for exporting seafood and produce, which are among Peru’s major exports.
- Rapid Growth: With the development of the seafood industry, Paita continues to grow and expand.
Weaknesses:
- Small Scale: The port cannot accommodate large container vessels and is limited in terms of handling diverse cargo types.
- Limited Infrastructure: Facilities and berths are somewhat restricted, especially for non-seafood or agricultural goods.
2.3. Salaverry Port
Location:
- Located near Trujillo, Salaverry is a central port for agricultural exports in northern Peru.
Infrastructure and Operational Capacity:
- Berths and Facilities: The port specializes in handling bulk goods (grains, fertilizers) and bagged cargo.
- Handling Capacity: It mainly deals with agricultural exports like grains and fertilizers from northern Peru.
Strengths:
- Strategic Location for Agricultural Products: Salaverry is conveniently located to transport agricultural products, reducing shipping costs.
Weaknesses:
- Underdeveloped Infrastructure: The port lacks facilities for large ships or a diverse range of cargo.
2.4. Ilo Port
Location:
- Ilo is located in southern Peru and serves as a key port for mineral exports.
Infrastructure and Operational Capacity:
- Berths and Equipment: The port handles mineral exports, particularly copper and other mining products.
- Handling Capacity: Ilo mainly handles bulk shipments of minerals and oil.
Strengths:
- Direct Access to Mining Regions: The port is ideal for exporting mining products like copper.
Weaknesses:
- Limited to Mineral Exports: Ilo’s facilities are tailored mainly to mining exports and do not accommodate other types of cargo well.
3. Shipping Routes from Peru to Vietnam
Shipping routes from Peru to Vietnam primarily depart from Callao, Paita, and Salaverry, arriving at major Vietnamese ports such as Ho Chi Minh City (Cat Lai Port) and Hai Phong.
3.1. Callao (Lima) to Ho Chi Minh City
- Transit Time: 30-35 days.
- Shipping Lines:
- Maersk Line: Provides regular container services, operating once per week.
- MSC (Mediterranean Shipping Company): Offers services for both bulk and container cargo.
- COSCO Shipping: Provides regular services for industrial and consumer goods.
3.2. Paita to Hai Phong
- Transit Time: 35-40 days.
- Shipping Lines:
- CMA CGM: A French shipping company offering services for Trans-Pacific routes.
- Hapag-Lloyd: Regular weekly services from Paita to Hai Phong.
4. Conclusion and Recommendations
Peru’s key ports each offer unique advantages based on the types of goods they handle. Callao is the central hub with modern infrastructure, while Paita, Salaverry, and Ilo focus on specialized industries like seafood, agriculture, and mining.
Shipping routes from Peru to Vietnam remain consistent with major shipping lines, and transit times are relatively efficient for international trade. Peru’s ports offer significant opportunities for businesses seeking to expand their import-export operations.
